Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis: prevalence, associated factors, and performance of diagnostic tests

Kélvia Cristina de Camargo; Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo  Alves; Vera Aparecida  Saddi; Jéssica Enocêncio Porto  Ramos; Jamila Pimentel  Lima; Camila  Lemes de Souza; Luciano Augusto Baylão; Silvia Helena Rabelo dos Santos; Andrea  Alves Ribeiro

doi:10.5327/DST-2177-8264-2023351360

Authors

Kélvia Cristina de Camargo Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Medicine – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-2120
Rosane Ribeiro Figueiredo Alves Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Medicine – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3960-6662
Vera Aparecida Saddi Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Medicine – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-9988
Jéssica Enocêncio Porto Ramos Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Program in Environmental and Health Sciences – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-1151
Jamila Pimentel Lima Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Medicine – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7137-8284
Camila Lemes de Souza Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Medicine – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5937-040X
Luciano Augusto Baylão Unidade de Pronto Atendimento Dr. Paulo Siqueira Garcia, Preventive Gynecology Outpatient Clinic – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-4389
Silvia Helena Rabelo dos Santos Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rômulo Rocha Clinical Analysis Center – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-6851
Andrea Alves Ribeiro Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rômulo Rocha Clinical Analysis Center – Goiânia (GO), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-7025

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5327/DST-2177-8264-2023351360

Keywords:

Cross-sectional studies, Sensitivity and specificity, Bacterial vaginosis, Trichomonas infections, Gynecological examination

Abstract

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal trichomoniasis are frequent causes of health care demand. Objective: To estimate the prevalence, identify associated factors, and investigate the performance of diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Methods: Cross-sectional study with participants over 18 years old. All of them were submitted to an interview and gynecological examination with evaluation of vaginal secretion, pH verification, collection of material for Pap smear, wet mount test, Whiff test, bacterioscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for trichomoniasis detection. Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify associated factors with bacterial vaginosis. Diagnostic performance for bacterial vaginosis was evaluated following Amsel criteria, the Ison and Hay score, and the Pap smear, considering the Nugent score as the gold standard. As for trichomoniasis, diagnostic performance was evaluated through the Pap smear and the wet mount test, using the polymerase chain reaction as the gold standard. Results: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was 33.7%, and for trichomoniasis, 0.5%. The complaint of abnormal vaginal secretion was associated with the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (odds ratio 2.2). The diagnostic accuracy by Amsel criteria, the Ison and Hay score, and the Pap smear was 35.6, 97.0, and 84.2%, respectively. The sensitivity for trichomoniasis through wet mount test was 0.0%, and through the Pap smear, 100%. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis was high, and trichomoniasis was low. The only associated factor with bacterial vaginosis was the report of abnormal vaginal secretion. The methods with the most accurate diagnostic performance for bacterial vaginosis were the Ison and Hay score and the Pap smear and, for trichomoniasis, the Pap smear.

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Bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis: prevalence, associated factors, and performance of diagnostic tests

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